The matcha tea ceremony, known as chanoyu (茶の湯), chado (茶道), or simply "the Way of Tea," is a traditional Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha green tea.
History
- Developed in the 16th century by Sen no Rikyū
- Influenced by Zen Buddhism
- Evolved from Chinese tea culture with distinctly Japanese refinement
- Continues to be practiced and taught today
Core Principles (Four Virtues)
- Wa (和): Harmony
- Kei (敬): Respect
- Sei (清): Purity
- Jaku (寂): Tranquility
Components
Tools (Dogu)
- Chawan (tea bowl)
- Chasen (bamboo whisk)
- Chashaku (bamboo scoop)
- Natsume or chaire (tea caddy)
- Fukusa (silk cloth for purification)
Setting
- Tearoom (chashitsu) with tatami mats
- Alcove (tokonoma) with seasonal decorations
- Low entrance (nijiri-guchi) requiring guests to humble themselves
- Garden path (roji) leading to the tearoom
Ceremony Structure
- Purification: Host cleanses utensils
- Preparation: Matcha is measured and placed in the bowl
- Whisking: Hot water is added and tea is whisked
- Serving: Bowl is presented to guest with precise movements
- Appreciation: Guest admires the bowl before drinking
- Conclusion: Utensils are cleaned and admired
Types
- Chakai: Informal tea gathering
- Chaji: Full formal ceremony lasting up to 4 hours with kaiseki meal
Modern Practice
While traditional tea ceremonies continue in Japan and worldwide, modern adaptations exist that maintain the spirit while accommodating contemporary lifestyles. Many schools and teachers offer instruction in this meditative art form.